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Why slot and hybrid plasmonic waveguides are ideal candidates for sensing applications?

N. L. KAZANSKIY1,2, A. KAŹMIERCZAK3, M. A. BUTT1,3,*

Affiliation

  1. Samara National Research University, 34 Moskovkoye Shosse, Samara 443086, Russia
  2. Institute of RAS-Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, 151 Molodogvardeiskaya, Samara 443001, Russia
  3. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland

Abstract

In this paper, the modal characteristics of silicon-based optical waveguides (hereafter represented as WGs) such as ridge, rib, slot and the hybrid plasmonic WGs are discussed. For sensing applications, the geometric parameters of the WGs are optimized to evaluate the mode sensitivity (Smode) and evanescent field ratio (EFR). For highly sensitive devices, these two parameters should be as high as possible to facilitate strong light-matter interaction. The analysis is performed via the finite element method (FEM) which demonstrate that EFR and Smode follow the following order: Hybrid WG ≥ Slot WG > Ridge WG @ TE mode > Rib WG @ TE-mode > Ridge WG @ TM mode > Rib WG @ TM mode. Furthermore, refractive index sensor established on a ridge, slot and hybrid plasmonic WGs are studied. The numerical calculations have revealed that the best sensitivity of 167 nm/RIU, 233.3 nm/RIU and 333.3 nm/RIU is delivered by ring resonator designs constructed on ridge, slot and the hybrid plasmonic WG, respectively. We believe that these findings are quite beneficial to have a detailed analysis of different WG types to make a judicious selection of optical WG structure for sensing applications.

Keywords

Ridge waveguide, Rib waveguide, Slot waveguide, Hybrid plasmonic waveguide, Refractive index sensing application.

Citation

N. L. KAZANSKIY, A. KAŹMIERCZAK, M. A. BUTT, Why slot and hybrid plasmonic waveguides are ideal candidates for sensing applications?, Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications, 15, 5-6, May-June 2021, pp.195-206 (2021).

Submitted at: Dec. 8, 2020

Accepted at: June 11, 2021