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Q-Switched and mode-locked pulse generation with poly (9-vinylcarbazole) saturable absorber

FARINA SAFFA BINTI MOHAMAD SAMSAMNUN1,* , NUR FARHANAH BINTI ZULKIPLI2, MOHD. ARIF BIN MOHD. SARJIDAN3, AHMAD HAZIQ AIMAN BIN ROSOL4, AFIQ ARIF AMINUDDIN JAFRY5, MD ASHADI MD JOHARI6, AERIYN DWIERNI BINTI AHMAD7, MUHAMMAD IMRAN MUSTAFA ABDUL KHUDUS3, SULAIMAN WADI HARUN7

Affiliation

  1. Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
  2. Department of Engineering and Built Environment, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT) Penang Branch, 11200 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
  3. Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  4. Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  5. School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
  6. Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 76100 Melaka, Malaysia
  7. Photonics Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract

Poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) organic semiconductor material has been extensively investigated for photonic applications. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the utilization of PVK film as a saturable absorber (SA) to realize stable Q-switched and mode-locked fiber lasers. The modulation depth and the saturation power intensity of the prepared PVK film are 4% and 202 MW/cm2, respectively. The proposed Q-switched laser operated at 1562 nm. The repetition rate increased from 60.10 kHz to 91.91 kHz, while the pulse width decreased from 6.00 µs to 3.43 µs, as the pump power was increased from 63.4 mW to 125.2 mW. The maximum pulse energy of 8.73 nJ was obtained at 125.2 mW pump power. Meanwhile, the proposed mode-locked laser operated at 1567 nm with 1.873 MHz repetition rate and 2.81 ps pulse width. The stable soliton mode-locked fibre laser was achieved by adding 100 m long single-mode fiber (SMF) in the cavity. At 187.0 mW pump power, the maximum pulse energy and average output power was obtained at 2.003 nJ and 3.751 mW, respectively. The fundamental frequency has a high signal to noise ratio of 63.10 dB, which indicates the excellent stability of the pulses. Our results contribute to the growing body of work studying the nonlinear optical properties of PVK that underpin new opportunities for pulsed laser technology.

Keywords

Q-switching, Mode-locking, Organic semiconductor saturable absorber, Fiber laser.

Citation

FARINA SAFFA BINTI MOHAMAD SAMSAMNUN, NUR FARHANAH BINTI ZULKIPLI, MOHD. ARIF BIN MOHD. SARJIDAN, AHMAD HAZIQ AIMAN BIN ROSOL, AFIQ ARIF AMINUDDIN JAFRY, MD ASHADI MD JOHARI, AERIYN DWIERNI BINTI AHMAD, MUHAMMAD IMRAN MUSTAFA ABDUL KHUDUS, SULAIMAN WADI HARUN, Q-Switched and mode-locked pulse generation with poly (9-vinylcarbazole) saturable absorber, Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications, 18, 3-4, March-April 2024, pp.85-92 (2024).

Submitted at: Nov. 2, 2023

Accepted at: April 8, 2024