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Hybrid particle swarm optimization-grey wolf optimizer algorithm for sidelobe reduction in radar communication

SARBJIT SINGH1,* , SUMIT MALHOTRA2, R. S. KALER3, A. K. KOHLI3

Affiliation

  1. Electronics & Communication Engineering Department, Chandigarh Engineering College, CGC-Landran, Mohali, India
  2. Computer Science and Engineering Department, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, India
  3. Electronics & Communication Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India

Abstract

Radar systems rely on effective sidelobe suppression to concentrate energy on the primary lobe, ensuring accurate target detection and minimizing false identifications. In both military and civilian applications, sidelobe reduction plays a crucial role in enhancing precision by mitigating clutter and environmental interference. Uncontrolled sidelobe allow unwanted reflections from structures, water surfaces, and terrain, introducing noise that degrades radar sensitivity. To address this, polyphase codes are optimized using a hybrid optimization algorithm that integrates particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the gray wolf optimizer (GWO). MATLAB was utilized in the simulative analysis and optimization process. This approach combines the global search efficiency of PSO with the local refinement capabilities of GWO, achieving superior sidelobe suppression while preserving resolution and detection accuracy. The proposed method enhances radar performance by reducing interference, improving target discrimination, and increasing resilience against jamming, making it a robust solution for modern radar applications. Optimization of P4 polyphase code using genetic algorithm yields a maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 21.91dB for Tukey window. On the other hand when the P4 polyphase codes are optimized using PSO and gray wolf algorithm then for Tukey window, signal-to-noise ratio of 31.78dB is achieved. Our results shows that hybrid algorithm performs better than the other algorithms in terms of signal quality.

Keywords

Radar, Sidelobe, Genetic algorithm, PSO, Gray wolf.

Citation

SARBJIT SINGH, SUMIT MALHOTRA, R. S. KALER, A. K. KOHLI, Hybrid particle swarm optimization-grey wolf optimizer algorithm for sidelobe reduction in radar communication, Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications, 20, 3-4, March-April 2026, pp.120-129 (2026).

Submitted at: Oct. 1, 2025

Accepted at: April 8, 2026