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HARMANPREET KAUR1,* , AJAY VASISHTH1
This paper presents a numerical investigation of germanium dioxide GeO₂ doped silica photonic crystal fibers (Ge PCFs) optimized for low dispersion and high nonlinear performance across the 1.2 1.7 μm wavelength range. Finite element simulations were performed for GeO₂ concentrations of 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, and 13% to evaluate the combined influence of material composition and geometric parameters on optical confinement, dispersion, and nonlinear characteristics. The proposed circular lattice structure, featuring seven air hole rings and a core radius of 1.4 μm, exhibited stable single mode operation and extremely low confinement loss (<10⁻⁷ dB/m). As GeO₂ concentration increased from 5% to 13%, the refractive index (RI) contrast improved from 2.5×10⁻³ to 5.8×10⁻³, reducing the effective mode area (Aeff) from 18.3 μm² to 10.6 μm² and enhancing the nonlinear coefficient (γ) from 6.2 W⁻¹·km⁻¹ to 10.7 W⁻¹·km⁻¹ at 1.55 μm. The zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) shifted from 1.41 μm to 1.54 μm, with flattened dispersion maintained within ±2 ps/(nm·km) across 1.35 1.65 μm. Higher order dispersion parameters also improved with doping: β₂ approached 0 ps²/km, β₃ decreased from 0.020 to 0.005 ps³/km, and β₄ from 0.005 to 0.001 ps⁴/km. These results confirm that controlled GeO₂ incorporation enables precise dispersion engineering and enhanced nonlinear response without sacrificing modal purity. The optimized 13% GeO₂ Ge PCF demonstrates strong potential for broadband telecommunications and parametric amplification in next generation optical systems.
GeO2 based photonic crystal fiber, Dispersion engineering, Nonlinear coefficient enhancement, Zero dispersion wavelength tuning, Finite element method (FEM).
HARMANPREET KAUR, AJAY VASISHTH, Tunable dispersion and nonlinear properties in GeO2 doped silica photonic crystal fibers, Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications, 20, 9-10, September-October 2026, pp.414-420 (2026).
Submitted at: March 6, 2026
Accepted at: Oct. 5, 2026
Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications
(2025): Impact Factor = 0.5 - Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2026)
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